Substance
Fluoride salts

Pathology
Direct metabolic and cytotoxic effects; multiple adverse effects from calcium and magnesium binding.

Symptoms
Salivation, thirst, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, tetanic contractions, death due to vascular collapse and shock.

Emergency Measures
Maintenance of airway, breathing, circulation; cardiac monitoring; calcium salts; for severe toxicity, IV calcium chloride; therapy for electrolyte disturbances.

Comments
Degree of toxicity depends on salt solubility and the amount of elemental fluoride ingested. Pediatric toxicities are often caused by fluorinated toothpaste ingestions.