Substance
Dinitrophenol and pentachlorophenol

Pathology
Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, hypermetabolic state and lactic acid production. Dinitrophenol oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin.

Symptoms
Fatigue, thirst, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, sweating, flushing, restlessness, excitement, hyperthermia, tachycardia, hyperpnea, metabolic acidosis, cyanosis, seizures, coma, death from respiratory or circulatory failure.

Emergency Measures
Maintenance of airway, breathing, circulation; activated charcoal by mouth; methylene blue IV; fluid replacement; benzodiazepines; cooling measures.

Comments
Ingestion of 1–3 g of these agents can be lethal. Many accidental transdermal poisonings have been reported.