Substance
Chlorate salts

Pathology
Potent oxidative properties that destroy red blood cells; toxicity to kidneys are due to direct effects and hemolysis.

Symptoms
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, methemoglobinemia, intravascular hemolysis, delirium, coagulopathy, coma, convulsions, cyanosis, renal failure, death.

Emergency Measures
Activated charcoal and methylene blue for mild toxicities, hemodialysis to remove toxin. Sodium thiosulfate IV has been used to inactivate the chlorate ion, with inconsistent results.

Comments
In some instances, exchange transfusions have been advocated to reverse effects of poisoning.