Substance
Acids

[Other Names]
Acetic
Hydrochloric
Nitric
Phosphoric
Sulfuric
Any other strong acid

Pathology
Immediate destruction and necrosis with eschar formation of mucous membranes and tissues on contact.

Symptoms
Burning pain on contact with mucous membranes of the mouth and throat, dysphagia, abdominal pain, nausea, hematemesis, thirst, esophageal or gastric perforation, shock, death.

Emergency Measures
Establishment of airway patency, aggressive volume resuscitation, radiographic evaluation of damage, irrigation of exposed tissues. Surgical intervention may be required.

Comments
Permanent damage to the esophagus and stomach can result in chronic dysphagia and stricture formation.