acute Pain may be related to increased frequency/force of ureteral contractions, tissue distention/trauma and edema formation, cellular ischemia, possibly evidenced by reports of sudden, severe, colicky pains; guarding and distraction behaviors, self-focus, and autonomic responses.

impaired Urinary Elimination may be related to stimulation of the bladder by calculi, renal or ureteral irritation, mechanical obstruction of urinary flow, edema, inflammation, possibly evidenced by urgency and frequency; oliguria (retention); hematuria.

risk for deficient Fluid Volume: risk factors may include stimulation of renal-intestinal reflexes causing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; changes in urinary output, postoperative diuresis; and decreased intake.

risk for Infection: risk factors may include stasis of urine.

deficient Knowledge [Learning Need] regarding condition, prognosis, self-care and treatment needs may be related to lack of exposure/recall and information misinterpretation, possibly evidenced by requests for information, statements of concern, and recurrence/development of preventable complications.