(also refer to Surgery, general)

Fear related to threat of injury/death, surgical intervention, possibly evidenced by verbal reports, apprehension, decreased self-assurance, increased tension, changes in vital signs.

risk for deficient Fluid Volume: risk factors may include weakening of vascular wall, failure of vascular repair.

risk for ineffective renal/peripheral Tissue Perfusion: risk factors may include interruption of arterial blood flow, hypovolemia.