HEMATOLOGIC VALUES

Determination				Reference Range			Minimal ml Required	Note
				Conventional		SI
Coagulation factors
	Factor I (fibrinogen)			0.15–0.35 g/100 ml		4.0–10.0 μmol/L	4.5-P	Collect in Vacutainer containing sodium citrate
	Factor II (prothrombin)			60–140%		0.60–1.40	4.5-P	Collect in plastic tubes with 3.8% sodium citrate
	Factor V (accelerator globulin)			60–140%		0.60–1.40	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II
	Factor VII–X (proconvertin-Stuart)			70–130%		0.70–1.30	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II
	Factor X (Stuart factor)			70–130%		0.70–1.30	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II
	Factor VIII (antihemophilic globulin)			50–200%		0.50–2.0	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II
	Factor IX (plasma thromboplastic cofactor)			60–140%		0.60–1.40	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II
	Factor XI (plasma thromboplastic antecedent)			60–140%		0.60–1.40	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II
	Factor XII (Hageman factor)			60–140%		0.60–1.40	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II
Coagulation screening tests:
	Bleeding time (Simplate)			3–9.5 min		180–570 sec
	d-dimer			<500 ng/ml		<500 µg/L	4.5 ml	Collect in 3.8% sodium citrate
	Prothrombin time			Less than 2-sec deviation from control		Less than 2-sec deviation from control	4.5-P	Collect in Vacutainer containing 3.8% sodium citrate
	International Normalized Ratio (INR)			1.0		1.0	4.5 ml	Collect in 3.8% sodium citrate
	Partial thromboplastin time (activated)			25–38 sec		25–38 sec	4.5-P	Collect in Vacutainer containing 3.8% sodium citrate
	Whole-blood clot lysis			No clot lysis in 24 hr		0/day	2.0-whole blood	Collect in sterile tube and incubate at 37°C
Fibrinolytic studies:
	Euglobin lysis			No lysis in 2 hr		0/2 hr	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II
	Fibrinogen split products			Negative reaction at >1:4 dilution		0 (at 1:4 dilution)	4.5-S	Collect in special tube containing thrombin and epsilon aminocaproic acid
	Thrombin time			Control ±5 sec		Control ± 5 sec	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II
“Complete” blood count:
	Hematocrit			Male: 45–52%		Male: 0.45–0.52	1-B	Use EDTA as anticoagulant; the seven listed tests are performed automatically on the Ortho ELT 800, which directly determines cell counts, hemoglobin (as the cyanmethemoglobin derivative), and MCV and computes hematocrit, MCH, and MCHC
				Female: 37–48%		Female: 0.37–0.48
	Hemoglobin			Male: 13–18 g/100 ml		Male: 8.1–11.2 mmol/L
				Female: 12–16 g/100 ml		Female: 7.4–9.9 mmol/L
	Leukocyte count			4,300–10,800/mm3		4.3–10.8 × 109/L
	Erythrocyte count			4.2–5.9 million/mm3		4.2–5.9 × 1012/L
	Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)			86–98 μm3 /cell		86–98 fl
	Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)			27–32 pg/RBC		1.7–2.0 pg/cell
	Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)			32–36%		0.32–0.36

Determination				Reference Range			Minimal ml Required	Note
				Conventional		SI
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate				Male: 1–13 mm/hr		Male: 1–13 mm/hr	5-B	Use EDTA as anticoagulant
				Female: 1–20 mm/hr		Female: 1–20 mm/hr
Erythrocyte enzymes
	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase			5–15 U/g Hb		5–15 U/g	9-B	Use special anticoagulant (ACD solution)
	Pyruvate kinase			13–17 U/g Hb		13–17 U/g	8-B	Use special anticoagulant (ACD solution)

Determination				Reference Range			Minimal ml Required	Note
				Conventional		SI
Ferritin (serum)
	Iron deficiency			0–12 ng/ml		0–4.8 nmol/L
				13–20 Borderline		5.2–8 nmol/L Borderline
	Iron excess			>400 ng/L		>160 nmol/L
Folic acid
	Normal			>3.3 ng/ml		>7.3 nmol/L	1-S
	Borderline			2.5–3.2 ng/ml		5.75–7.39 nmol/L	1-S

Determination				Reference Range			Minimal ml Required	Note
				Conventional		SI
Haptoglobin				40–336 mg/100 ml		0.4–3.36 g/L	1-S
Hemoglobin studies:
	Electrophoresis for abnormal hemoglobin						5-B	Collect with anticoagulant
	Electrophoresis for:						5-B	Use oxalate as anticoagulant
		A 2 hemoglobin		3.0%		0.015–0.035
		Borderline		0.3–3.5%		0.03–0.035
	Hemoglobin F (fetal hemoglobin)			Less than 2%		<0.02	5-B	Collect with anticoagulant
	Hemoglobin, met- and sulf-			0		0	5-B	Use heparin as anticoagulant
	Serum hemoglobin			2–3 mg/100 ml		1.2–1.9 μmol/L	2-S
	Thermolabile hemoglobin			0		0	1-B	Any anticoagulant
	Lupus anticoagulant			0		0	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II

Determination				Reference Range			Minimal ml Required	Note
				Conventional		SI
LE (lupus erythematosus) preparation:
	Method I			0		0	5-B	Use heparin as anticoagulant
	Method II			0		0	5-B	Use defibrinated blood
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase:							20-Isolated blood leukocytes	Special handling of blood necessary
	Qualitative method			Males: 33–188 U		33–188 U	Smear-B
				Females (off contraceptive pill): 30–160 U		30–160 U

Determination				Reference Range			Minimal ml Required	Note
				Conventional		SI
Muramidase				Serum, 3–7 μg/ml		3–7 mg/L	1-S
				Urine, 0–2 μg/ml		0–2 μg/L	1-U

Determination				Reference Range			Minimal ml Required	Note
				Conventional		SI
Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes				Increased if hemolysis occurs in over 0.5% NaCl; decreased if hemolysis is incomplete in 0.3% NaCl			5-B	Use heparin as anticoagulant

Determination				Reference Range			Minimal ml Required	Note
				Conventional		SI
Peroxide hemolysis				Less than 10%		0.10	6-B	Use EDTA as anticoagulant
Platelet count				150,000–350,000/mm3		150–350 x 109 /L	0.5-B	Use EDTA as anticoagulant; counts are performed on Clay Adams Ultraflow; when counts are low, results are confirmed by hand counting
Platelet function tests:
	Clot retraction			50–100%/2 hr		0.50–1.00/2 hr	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II
	Platelet aggregation			Full response to ADP, epinephrine, and collagen		1.0	18-P	Collect as in factor II
	Platelet factor 3			33–57 sec		33–57 sec	4.5-P	Collect as in factor II

Determination				Reference Range			Minimal ml Required	Note
				Conventional		SI
Reticulocyte count				0.5–2.5% red cells		0.005–0.025	0.1-B

Determination				Reference Range			Minimal ml Required	Note
				Conventional		SI
Vitamin B12				205–876 pg/ml		150–674 pmol/L	12-S
	Borderline			140–204 pg/ml		102.6–149 pmol/L