(văj″ĭ-nō′sĭs)
[Pronunciation]
Abbreviation: BV.

Inflammation of the vagina and upper genital tract caused by Gardnerella vaginalis.
Previously referred to as “gardnerella” or nonspecific vaginitis, BV is the most common form of vaginitis in the United States and is characterized by vaginal discharge with the absence of lactobacilli and an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria.
Diagnosis is confirmed by characteristic “fishy” odor produced when the vaginal discharge is mixed with 10% potassium hydroxide. A wet smear reveals vaginal epithelial cells that are heavily stippled with bacteria, called clue cells. The pH of the discharge is always greater than 5.5. Treatment is with metronidazole or clindamycin, antibiotics which in pill, cream, or gel form, are effective against anaerobes, while maintaining lactobacilli. Asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy has been implicated in causing preterm labor. Treatment during pregnancy to reduce preterm delivery is controversial and is not recommended during the first trimester.


See: Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis