(āng-zī′ĕ-tē)
[Pronunciation]

An uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread accompanied by an autonomic response; the source is often nonspecific or unknown to the individual; a feeling of apprehension caused by anticipation of danger.
It is a potential signal that warns of impending danger and enables the individual to take measures to deal with threat. Recurrence of such reactions that disrupt life when danger does not exist constitute anxiety disorders. These include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder or phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and procedural anxiety.
See: neurosis, anxietyNursing Diagnoses Appendix

PATIENT CARE
Health care providers evaluate the patient's level of anxiety and document related behaviors and physical characteristics, such as sympathetic nervous system arousal, and effects on the patient's perceptual field, and ability to learn and solve problems. Coping and defense mechanisms, avoidance behaviors, and surrounding circumstances are also assessed. Sleep history, depression, and use of alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, herbal supplements, OTC, and other drugs are investigated. Family history also is assessed as anxiety disorders may be familial. A calm, caring, quiet, and controlled atmosphere can prevent progression of the patient's anxiety and even reduce it by lessening feelings of isolation and instability. Patients with mild anxiety are assisted to identify and eliminate stressors, if possible. Appropriate outlets are provided for excess energy. Health care providers establish a trusting relationship with the patient, encouraging the patient to express feelings and concerns. False reassurance is never offered. Care for patients with severe anxiety is focused on reducing environmental and other stimuli. Clear, simple validating statements are used to communicate with the patient and are repeated as often as necessary, and reality is reinforced if distortion is evident. The patient's physical needs are addressed, and activity is encouraged to help the patient discharge excess energy and relieve stress.

If the anxiety is ongoing, the patient should be referred to a care provider who specializes in their treatment. Relaxation therapy, counseling, psychotherapy, and/or pharmacologic therapies may be required. Drug types utilized include benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants. Desired effects of the specific prescribed drug are explained, when the patient may expect to see these results, and adverse effects to watch for and report are described. The patient is advised that (in general) antianxiety drugs should not be stopped abruptly or without the prescriber’s agreement. The patient also may benefit from referral to a support group such as the Anxiety Disorders Association of America.

Subentries:
castration anxiety
death anxiety
free-floating anxiety
separation anxiety