risk for other-directed Violence: risk factors may include contempt for authority/rights of others, inability to tolerate frustration, need for immediate gratification, easy agitation, vulnerable self-concept, inability to verbalize feelings, use of maladjusted coping mechanisms including substance use.

ineffective Coping may be related to very low tolerance for external stress, lack of experience of internal anxiety (e.g., guilt/shame), personal vulnerability, unmet expectations, multiple life changes possibly evidenced by choice of aggression and manipulation to handle problems/conflicts, inappropriate use of defense mechanisms (e.g., denial, projection), chronic worry, anxiety, destructive behaviors, high rate of accidents.

chronic low Self-Esteem may be related to lack of positive and/or repeated negative feedback, unmet dependency needs, retarded ego development, dysfunctional family system possibly evidenced by acting-out behaviors (e.g., substance abuse, sexual promiscuity), feelings of inadequacy, nonparticipation in therapy.

compromised/disabled family Coping may be related to family disorganization/role changes, highly ambivalent family relationships, client providing little support in turn for the primary person(s), history of abuse/neglect in the home, possibly evidenced by expressions of concern or complaints, preoccupation of primary person with own reactions to situation, display of protective behaviors disproportionate to client’s abilities or need for autonomy.

impaired Social Interaction may be related to inadequate personal resources (shallow feelings), immature interests, underdeveloped conscience, unaccepted social values, possibly evidenced by difficulty meeting expectations of others, lack of belief that rules pertain to self, sense of emptiness/inadequacy covered by expressions of self-conceit/arrogance/contempt, behavior unaccepted by dominant cultural group.