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Appendices N4–1 and N4–2
Organize all approved NANDA nursing diagnoses by two nursing models: Gordon's Functional Health Patterns and Doenges and Moorhouse's Diagnostic Divisions. The use of a nursing model as a framework helps to organize the data needed to identify and validate nursing diagnoses.

Appendix N4–3
Lists the most recently approved NANDA nursing diagnoses (2007–2008) for quick reference.

Appendix N4–4
Provides a guide to choosing appropriate nursing diagnoses by alphabetically listing almost 300 diseases/disorders with their commonly associated nursing diagnoses. Each of the listed diseases/disorders has been cross-referenced from its position in the body of the dictionary. The nursing diagnoses are written in the form of patient problem statements, also known as PES format (Problem, Etiology, Signs/Symptoms). The phrases “may be related to” and “possibly evidenced by” in the patient problem statements serve to help one individualize the care for the specific patient situations. A “risk for” diagnosis is not evidenced by signs and symptoms, as the problem has not occurred and nursing interventions are directed at prevention. Because the patient's health status is perpetual and ongoing, other nursing diagnoses may be appropriate based on changing patient situations. To identify other applicable nursing diagnoses, check Appendix N4–1, then turn to Appendix N4–5 to test and validate your choices.

Appendix N4–5
Details the NANDA-approved diagnoses through 2007–2008 in alphabetical order with their associated etiology [Related/Risk Factors] and signs and symptoms [Defining Characteristics]. This specific focus on assessment data/evaluation criteria helps you complete the validation process.


HEALTH PERCEPTION—HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERN

• Death syndrome, risk for sudden infant
• Energy Field Disturbance
• Environmental Interpretation Syndrome, impaired
• Falls, risk for
• Health Maintenance, ineffective
• Health-Seeking Behaviors (specify)
• Infection, risk for
• Injury (trauma), risk for
• Latex Allergy
• Latex Allergy, risk for
• Noncompliance (specify)
• Perioperative Positioning Injury, risk for
• Poisoning, risk for
• Protection, ineffective
• Recovery, delayed surgical
• Suffocation, risk for
• Suicide, risk for
• Therapeutic Regimen: effective management
• Therapeutic Regimen: ineffective management
• Therapeutic Regimen management: readiness for enhanced
• Therapeutic Regimen: family, ineffective management
• Therapeutic Regimen: community, ineffective management
• Trauma, risk for
• Wandering (specify sporadic or continual)

NUTRITIONAL—METABOLIC PATTERN

• Aspiration, risk for
• Body Temperature, imbalanced, risk for
• Breastfeeding, effective
• Breastfeeding, ineffective
• Breastfeeding, interrupted
• Dentition, impaired
• Failure to thrive, adult
• Fluid Balance, readiness for enhanced
• Fluid Volume, risk for deficient
• Fluid Volume Deficient [active loss]
• Fluid Volume Deficit [regulatory failure]
• Fluid Volume Deficit, risk for
• Fluid Volume Excess
• Fluid Volume Imbalance, risk for
• Hyperthermia
• Hypothermia
• Infant Feeding Pattern, ineffective
• Latex Allergy Response
• Latex Allergy Response, risk for
• Nausea
• Nutrition: imbalanced, less than body requirements
• Nutrition: imbalanced, more than body requirements
• Nutrition: imbalanced, risk for more than body requirements
• Nutrition: readiness for enhanced
• Oral Mucous Membrane, impaired
• Skin Integrity, impaired
• Skin Integrity, impaired, risk for
• Swallowing, impaired
• Thermoregulation, ineffective
• Tissue Integrity, impaired

ELIMINATION PATTERN

• Bowel Incontinence
• Constipation
• Constipation, perceived
• Constipation, risk for
• Diarrhea
• Failure to Thrive, adult
• Growth, risk for altered
• Hyperthermia
• Hypothermia
• Incontinence, functional
• Incontinence, reflex
• Incontinence, stress
• Incontinence, total
• Incontinence, urge
• Urinary Elimination, impaired
• Urinary Elimination, readiness for enhanced
• Urinary Retention [acute/chronic]
• Urinary Urge Incontinence, risk for

ACTIVITY—EXERCISE PATTERN

• Activity Intolerance [specify level]
• Activity Intolerance, risk for
• Adaptive Capacity, decreased, intracranial
• Airway Clearance, ineffective
• Autonomic Dysreflexia
• Autonomic Dysreflexia, risk for
• Bed Mobility, impaired
• Breathing Pattern, ineffective
• Cardiac Output, decreased
• Development, altered, risk for
• Development, risk for delayed
• Disorganized Infant Behavior
• Disorganized Infant Behavior, risk for
• Disuse Syndrome, risk for
• Diversional Activity, deficient
• Dysfunctional Ventilatory Weaning Response
• Dysreflexia
• Dysreflexia, autonomic, risk for
• Enhanced Organized Infant Behavior, potential for
• Fatigue
• Gas Exchange, impaired
• Growth and Development, altered
• Growth and Development, delayed
• Growth, risk for disproportionate
• Home Maintenance, impaired
• Home Maintenance Management, impaired
• Infant Behavior, disorganized
• Infant Behavior, readiness for enhanced organized
• Infant Behavior, risk for disorganized
• Injury, preoperative positioning, risk for
• Mobility, Bed, impaired
• Mobility, Wheelchair, impaired
• Peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction, risk for
• Physical Mobility, impaired
• Self-Care Deficit [specify level]: feeding, bathing/hygiene, dressing/grooming, toileting
• Spontaneous Ventilation, inability to sustain
• Surgical Recovery, delayed
• Tissue Perfusion, altered (specify): cerebral, cardiopulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, peripheral
• Transfer Ability, impaired
• Ventilation, impaired spontaneous
• Ventilatory Weaning Response, dysfunctional (DVWR)
• Walking, impaired
• Wandering
• Wheelchair Transfer Ability, impaired

SLEEP—REST PATTERN

• Sleep, readiness for enhanced
• Sleep Deprivation
• Sleep Pattern Disturbance

COGNITIVE—PERCEPTUAL PATTERN

• Adaptive Capacity: intracranial, decreased
• Confusion, acute
• Confusion, chronic
• Decisional Conflict
• Environmental Interpretation Syndrome, impaired
• Knowledge, readiness for enhanced
• Knowledge Deficit [learning need] (specify)
• Memory, impaired
• Pain
• Pain, acute
• Pain, chronic
• Sensory/Perceptual Alterations (specify): visual, auditory, kinesthetic, gustatory, tactile, olfactory
• Thought Processes, altered
• Thought Processes, disturbed
• Unilateral Neglect

SELF-PERCEPTION—SELF-CONCEPT PATTERN

• Anxiety [Mild, Moderate, Severe, Panic]
• Anxiety, death
• Body Image Disturbance
• Fear
• Hopelessness
• Loneliness, risk for
• Personal Identity Disturbance
• Powerlessness
• Powerlessness, risk for
• Self-Concept, readiness for enhanced
• Self-Esteem, chronic low
• Self-Esteem Disturbance
• Self-Esteem, situational low
• Self-Esteem, situational low, risk for
• Self-Mutilation
• Self-Mutilation, risk for
• Violence, self-directed, risk for

ROLE—RELATIONSHIP PATTERN

• Caregiver Role Strain
• Caregiver Role Strain, risk for
• Communication, impaired, verbal
• Communication, readiness for enhanced
• Family Process, altered: alcoholism [substance abuse]
• Family Processes, altered
• Family Processes, interrupted
• Family Processes, readiness for enhanced
• Grieving, anticipatory
• Grieving, dysfunctional
• Parental Role Conflict
• Parent/Infant/Child Attachment, altered, risk for
• Parenting, altered
• Parenting, altered, risk for
• Parenting, impaired
• Relocation Stress Syndrome
• Relocation Stress Syndrome, risk for
• Role Performance, altered
• Role Performance, ineffective
• Social Interaction, impaired
• Social Isolation
• Sorrow, chronic
• Violence, directed at others, risk for
• Violence, self-directed, risk for

SEXUALITY—REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN

• Rape-Trauma Syndrome [specify]
• Rape-Trauma Syndrome: compound reaction
• Rape-Trauma Syndrome: silent reaction
• Sexual Dysfunction
• Sexuality Patterns, ineffective

COPING—STRESS TOLERANCE PATTERN

• Adjustment, impaired
• Community Coping, enhanced, potential for
• Community Coping, ineffective
• Coping, defensive
• Coping, enhanced, readiness for
• Coping, individual, ineffective
• Coping, ineffective
• Denial, ineffective
• Family Coping, ineffective: compromised
• Family Coping, ineffective: disabling
• Family Coping, readiness for enhanced
• Family Coping: potential for growth
• Post-Trauma Response [specify stage]
• Post-Trauma Syndrome
• Post-Trauma Syndrome, risk for
• Self-Mutilation
• Self-Mutilation, risk for
• Suicide, risk for
• Violence, directed at others, risk for
• Violence, self-directed, risk for

VALUE—BELIEF PATTERN

• Spiritual Distress (distress of the human spirit)
• Spiritual Distress, risk for
• Spiritual Well-Being, enhanced, potential for

Information appearing in parentheses has been added to clarify and facilitate the use of nursing diagnoses.
SOURCE: Adapted from Gordon, M: Manual of Nursing Diagnosis, ed. 10, St. Louis, MO, Mosby/Elsevier Science, 2002, with permission.